- People previously hospitalized for pneumonia have a um _-53 % higher incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia than the general population, a population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom found.
- The effect was observed in all age groups, not only in the elderly.
- The highest risk was within 1 year after hospitalization.
Why this matters
- Physicians should always try to prevent pneumonia-related hospitalizations by vaccinating against COVID-19, seasonal flu, and pneumococci.
- After discharge from the hospital, physicians should consider active screening for cognitive impairment, as well as preventive measures to prevent cognitive decline, such as B.Smoking cessation, treatment of depression, increased physical activity and greater socialization.
Study design
- A population-based cohort study with 55,808 Patients hospitalized due to pneumonia (2002–2017), and with up to 4 control participants from the general population matched by sex, age and practice (n = 206,108).
- The data source used was the British database Hospital Episode Statistics, which is linked to the British Clinical Practice Research Database.
- Funding: None
Key results
- In patients previously hospitalized for pneumonia, the incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia was higher (18 per 1,000 person-years) than for the coordinated control persons (13.2 per 1,000 person-years; p <0.0001).
- Relatively speaking, after adjusting for smoking, BMI, depression, and other risk factors, the hospitalized cohort had a 53 % higher incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia (aHR: 1.53; 95 % CI: 1.46–1.61).
- The risk was highest in the first year after hospitalization – an increase of 89 % (aHR: 1.89; 95 % CI: 1.75-2.05) compared to the matched control participants.
- The risk varied by age, with the risk in adults compared to matched control subjects aged 45–60 years (aHR: 2.19; 95 %-CI: 1.65–2.90).
- The absolute risk increased with age, so the lowest risk in adults aged 18–44 years (1.4 per 1,000 person-years) and the highest for persons aged> 83 years (47.2 per 1,000 person-years).
- Relatively speaking, after adjusting for smoking, BMI, depression, and other risk factors, the hospitalized cohort had a 53 % higher incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia (aHR: 1.53; 95 % CI: 1.46–1.61).
Limitations
- Observational study
- Possible misclassification of diagnosis by general practitioners.
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