Introduction Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In 2020, over 900,000 new cases were diagnosed globally, with more than 800,000 liver cancer-related deaths reported. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for about 75%-85% of primary liver cancers, posing a significant health burden worldwide. Despite advancements in […]
Introduction Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is the most effective therapy for end-stage organ disease. Crucial advances in organ preservation, immunosuppression therapies, anesthesiology management, and surgical techniques have contributed to the success of its implementation. Dynamic cumulative injury of the graft is primarily associated with donor type, age, comorbidities, and maintenance, but ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) could […]
Introduction Over the past decades, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent hepatic disease worldwide, affecting 25% of the adult population. NAFLD, a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, leads to considerable liver-related and extrahepatic morbidity and mortality. Conventional methods of diagnosing NAFLD, such as liver biopsy and imaging technologies like […]
Introduction Over the past decades, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent hepatic disease worldwide, affecting 25% of the adult population. NAFLD, as a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, has been determined to cause considerable liver-related and extrahepatic morbidity and mortality. The conventional methods of diagnosing NAFLD have shortcomings. Liver […]
Introduction Early diagnosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), particularly with advanced fibrosis, is crucial due to the increased risk of complications and mortality. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is commonly used for this purpose; however, many patients with normal ALT ranges (30 U/L) using intelligent liver function testing (iLFT) to identify MASLD patients with […]
Introduction Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a significant global health issue, resulting in approximately 2 million deaths annually. Fibrosis in CLD marks a critical turning point, impacting prognosis. The primary causes of CLD are alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Early detection of fibrosis allows for targeted interventions to curb progression […]
Introduction The prevalence and mortality of chronic liver disease have risen significantly worldwide in recent decades. In Portugal, liver disease ranks as the 8th leading cause of death, with the country having the highest mortality rate from hepatocarcinoma in Europe. Chronic liver disease typically progresses from a compensated phase to decompensated liver cirrhosis, characterized by […]
Introduction Liver transplantation (LT) is the definitive treatment for acute and end-stage liver diseases of all etiologies and is also performed in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Survival rates in Europe have improved significantly, achieving rates of 86% at one year and 74% at five years after LT. Despite these major improvements, biliary adverse events are […]
Introduction Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation in liver cells. It can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. NAFLD affects approximately 25.2% of the global population and is closely associated with metabolic syndromes such as obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and type […]
Introduction Approximately 1.6 million individuals live with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in the United States (US). CHB is associated with an increased risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which can often be prevented by suppression of HBV viremia (i.e., viral load). Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues (NA) are used in the treatment of CHB, but […]